Educational programs and facilities have existed in the community of Calvert since 1730. In 1701, William Penn led a small group of members of the Friends' Society to this area and dedicated land to them and their successors for the combined purposes of public worship, the right of burial ground and the privilege of education. In 1756, John Thomas Penn, son of William Penn, gave the land in legal trust to the Nottingham Meeting of the Friends' Society.

The Friends' Society held regular meetings in this area and, in 1724, built the Brick Meetinghouse. In 1730, a log school house was built. Students were taught the three "R's" and tenets of the Friends' religion. In 1788, a new building was built and served the community for the next sixty-five years.

The Cecil County Public School System was establised in 1845 and built the Rosebank School in the Calvert Area. The Friends' Society established the Friends' Select School for secondary education on the site of the existing Calvert Elementary School in 1878. In 1906, the Friends' Select School was leased by the County Education and became known as the Calvert Agriculture High School, the second secondary school of its kind in the United States. When this school was sold and moved in 1916, a new building was built but was destroyed by fire in 1935.

A new building was constructed in 1936 and operated as the Calvert Consolidated School (grades 1-11) until 1951, when it became Calvert Junior High School (grades 1-9). The name was changed to Calvert Elementary School in 1958, and the building served grades one through six until 1973 when the first kindergarten was added. This building served Calvert area students until 1981.

Construction of the new building began in March 1980 and was completed during the summer of 1981 so that the new Calvert Elementary School was ready to receive students on the first day of classes of the 1981-82 school year.