2.7 Students explain how industrial and transportation changes and
increasing immigration in the North, the rapid expansion of slavery in
the South, and westward movement changed the lives of people in the
2.7.8.5 describe the origins and development of the institution of
United States slavery
2.7.8.6 explain how the cotton gin and the opening of new lands in the
South and West led to the increased demand for slaves

2.8 Students describe the forces that led to cultural, religious,
social, economic, and political changes during the antebellum period
(1801-1861).
2.8.8.2 describe pro-slavery and anti-slavery positions and explain how debates over slavery influenced politics and sectionalism (MLO 2.5)

2.9 Students demonstrate understanding of the causes, course, and
character of the Civil War and its effect on the people of the United
States (1850-1865).
2.9.8.1 explain how events between 1850 and 1861 escalated the tensions between the North and South, and led to secession of several states and finally to war (MLO 2.6)
2.9.8.2 describe the views and lives of leaders and soldiers on both sides of the war, including black soldiers and regiments
2.9.8.4 analyze key events and turning points of the Civil War and compare and contrast the goals, resources, and strategies of the North and South, including the geographical advantages and obstacles, technological advances, and military leadership (MLO 2.7)